|  

Brahms Symphony no 4 - 309 lossless recordings



Size :55.3 GB
Peers : Seeders : 0      Leechers : 0
Added : 3 months ago » by ipromesispos » in Music
Language : English
Last Updated :3 months ago
Info_Hash :6EAAC81EFD02AB2971008991BD53E27BD532B100


Torrent Description

309 lossless recordings of Brahms Symphony no. 4. Flac/Ape in separate tracks, scans, score. Enjoy!


01 Abendroth, London Symphony (Tahra, 1927)
02 Fiedler, Berlin State Opera Orchestra (Archipel, 1930)
03 Stokowsi, Philadelphia Orchestra (Pristine, 1933)
04 Walter, BBC Symphony Orchestra (Pristine, 1934)
05 Mengelberg, Concertgebouw Amsterdam (Biddulph, 1938)
06 Furtwängler, London Symphony Orchestra (Andante, 1938)
07 Walter, BBC Symphony Orchestra (Pristine, 1938)
08 Koussevitzky, Boston Symphony Orchestra (United Archives, 1938)
09 Weingartner, London Symphony (Andante, 1938)
10 Böhm, Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden (Warner, 1939)
11 Sabata, Berliner Philharmoniker (Pearl, 1939)
12 Stokowski, All American Youth Orchestra (Music&Arts, 1940)
13 Stokowski, NBC Symphony Orchestra (Pristine, 1941)
14 Abendroth, Leipzig Gewandhaus (Tahra, 1942)
15 Furtwängler, Berliner Philharmoniker (BP, 12.12.1943)
16 Ormandy, Philadelphia Orchestra (Sony, 1944)
17 Celibidache, Berliner Philharmoniker (Audite, 1945)
18 Toscanini, NBC Symphony Orchestra (Pristine, 1945)
19 Kletzki, Lucerne Festival Orchestra (Guild, 1946)
20 Reiner, NBC Symphony Orchestra (WHRA, 1947)
21 Koussevitzky, Boston Symphony Orchestra (AS, 1947)
22 Furtwängler, Berliner Philharmoniker (King, 22.10.1948) is without audience
23 Furtwängler, Berliner Philharmoniker (Pristine, 24.10.1948) is with audience,
24 Furtwängler, Berliner Philharmoniker (Tahra, 1949)
25 Busch, Wiener Symphoniker (ReliefLP, 1950)
26 Krips, London Symphony Orchestra (Profil, 1950)
27 Furtwängler, Wiener Philharmoniker (Orfeo, 1950)
28 Munch, Boston Symphony Orchestra (RCA, 1950)
29 Abendroth, Sinfonieorchester des Mitteldeutschen Rundfunks (Music&Arts, 1950)
30 Celibidache, Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk Sinfonie Orchester (Tahra, 1951)
31 Walter, Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York (Pristine, 11.2.1951)
32 Walter, New York Philharmonic (Sony, 12.12.1951)
33 Toscanini, NBC Symphony Orchestra (Pristine, 1951)
34 Toscanini, Philharmonia Orchestra (Pristine, 1952)
35 Abendroth, Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester Leipzig (Arlecchino, 1952)
36 Schuricht, L'Orchestre De La Suisse Romande (Cascavelle, 1952)
37 Knappertsbusch, Bremer Philharmoniches Staatsorchester (Tahra, 1952)
38 Bernstein, New York Stadium Symphony Orchestra (DG, 1953) & Musical analysis
39 Knappertsbusch, Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonic-Orchester (Profil, 1953)
40 Jochum, Berliner Philharmoniker (DG, 1954)
41 Abendroth, Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester Leipzig (Berlin Classics, 1954)
42 Mravinsky, USSR Symphony Orchestra (Russian Disc, 1954)
43 Boult, London Philharmonic Orchestra (Nixa, 1954)
44 Karajan, Philharmonia Orchestra (Warner, 1955)
45 Paray, Detroit Symphony Orchestra (Mercury, 1955)
46 Jensen, Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra (Danacord, 1955)
47 Kubelik, Wiener Philharmoniker (Decca, 1956)
48 Dorati, Wiener Philharmoniker (Decca, 1956)
49 Kempe, Orchestra Sinfonica Milano della RAI (Urania, 1956)
50 Karajan, Philharmonia Orchestra (Audite, 1956)
51 Kempe, Berliner Philharmoniker (Esoteric, 1956)
52 Bamberger, Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (Mezzoforte, ~1957)
53 Klemperer, Bayerischen Rundfunks (Orfeo, 1957)
54 Klemperer, Philharmonia Orchestra (Warner, 1957)
55 Pedrotti, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Supraphon, 1957)
56 Klemperer, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (RSPO, 1958)
57 Cluytens, Orchestre National de France (Vibrato, 1958)
58 Rosbaud, Sudwestfunkorchester Baden-Baden (SWR, 1958)
59 Munch, Boston Symphony Orchestra (RCA, 1958)
60 Beinum, Concertgebow Amsterdam (Decca, 1958)
61 Markevitch, Orchestre Lamoureux (DG, 1958)
62 Golschmann, Vienna State Opera Orchestra (Archipel, 1958)
63 Schuricht, NWDR Simphonieorchester (Tahra, 1958)
64 Schuricht, Orchestre National de la RTF (Altus, 1959)
65 Celibidache, Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano della RAI (Fonit Cetra, 1959)
66 Walter, Columbia Symphony (Sony, 1959)
67 Markevitch, Orchestra Sinfonica di Torino della RAI (Andromeda, 1959)
68 Szell, NDR Sinfonieorchester (Archipel, 1959)
69 Konwitschny, Staatskapelle Berlin (Weitblick, 1960)
70 Monteux, Boston Symphony Orchestra (Archipel, 1960)
71 Steinberg, The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (Everest, 1960)
72 Kempe, The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (EMI, 1960)
73 Markevitch, Orchestre Symphonique d'USSR (Lys, 1960)
74 Keilberth, Philharmonisches Staatsorchesters Hamburg (Warner, 1960)
75 Eliasberg, Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra (Melodiya, 1960)
76 Wallenstein, Virtuoso Symphony Of London ‎(Audio Fidelity, 1960)
77 Gerdes, Berliner Philharmoniker (DG, 1961)
78 Mravinsky, Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (Praga, 1961)
79 Schuricht, SDR Symphony Orchestra (Scribendum, 1961)
80 Schmidt-Isserstedt, Sinfonieorchester des NDR Hamburg (BRL, 1961)
81 Schuricht, Sinfonie-Orchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks (Artemisia, 1962)
82 Reiner, Royal Philharmonic of London (Chesky, 1962)
83 Kegel, Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra (ODE, 1962)
84 Böhm, RIAS-Symphonie-Orchester (Memories, 1962)
85 Dorati, London Symphony Orchestra (Mercury, 1963)
86 Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker (DG, 1963)
87 Sawallisch, Wiener Symphoniker (Decca, 1963)
88 Maazel, The Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra (SMC, 1963)
89 Bernstein, New York Philharmonic (Sony, 1963)
90 Ansermet, L'Orchestre De La Suisse Romande ‎(Maestoso, 1963)
91 Frandsen, Royal Danish Orchestra (D&D, 1964)
92 Schuricht, Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR (SWR, 1964)
93 Schuricht, Wiener Philharmoniker (Altus, 1965)
94 Rudolf, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (Decca, 1965)
95 Steinberg, The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (DG, 1965)
96 Müller-Kray, Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR (SWR, 1965)
97 Barbirolli, Hallé Orchestra (Warner, 1965)
98 Celibidache, Staatskapelle Dresden (DG, 1966)
99 Leinsdorf, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Multisonic, 1966)
100 Ormandy, Philadelphia Orchestra (EMI, 1967)
101 Szell, Cleveland Orchestra (Sony, 1967)
102 Barbirolli, Wiener Philharmoniker (Warner, 1967)
103 Giulini, New Philharmonia Orchestra (Warner, 1968)
104 Stein, London Philharmonic Orchestra (Somerset, ~1968)
105 Kondrashin, Orchestre Symphonique de la Radio-Télévision d'URSS (Lys, ~1968)
106 Markevitch, Japan Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, 1968)
107 Giulini, Chicago Symphony Orchestra (EMI, 1969)
108 Schmidt-Isserstedt, BBC Symphony Orchestra (BBCL, 1971)
109 Boult, London Philharmonic Orchestra (EMI, 1972)
110 Haitink, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Decca, 1972)
111 Abbado, London Symphony Orchestra (DG, 1972)
112 Kertész, Wiener Philharmoniker (Decca, 1972)
113 Sanderling, Staatskapelle Dresden (Tower, 1972)
114 Mravinsky, Leningrad Philharmonic (Melodiya, 1973)
115 Schmidt-Isserstedt, NDR Sinfonieorchester (EMI, 1973)
116 Stokowski, New Philharmonia Orchestra (RCA, 1974) studio
117 Stokowski, New Philharmonia Orchestra (BBCRC, 4.5.1974) live
118 Celibidache, Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR (DG, 1974)
119 Celibidache, Orchestre National de l’ORTF (Altus, 1974)
120 Loughran, Hallé Orchestra (EMI, 1974)
121 Kempe, Münchner Philharmoniker (BASF, 1974)
122 Böhm, Wiener Philharmoniker (Classic, 1975)
123 Boult, BBC Symphony Orchestra (ICA, 1975)
124 Gui, Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (Warner, 1975)
125 Sawallisch, NHK Symphony Orchestra (King, 1975)
126 Fischer-Dieskau, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Supraphon, 1976)
127 Masur, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig (Pentatone, 1976)
128 Levine, Chicago Symphony Orchestra (RCA, 1976)
129 Jochum, Concertgebouw Amsterdam (Tahra, 1976)
130 Kondrashin, Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra Of Radio & Television ‎(Melodiya, 1976)
131 Jochum, London Symphony Orchestra (Warner, 1976)
132 Maazel, Cleveland Orchestra (Decca, 1976)
133 Kempe, BBC Symphony Orchestra (BBC Legends, 1976)
134 Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker (DG, 1977)
135 Abravanel, Utah Symphony Orchestra (Vanguard, 1977)
136 Rajter, Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra (Compose, 1977)
137 Solti, Chicago Symphony Orchestra (Decca, 1978)
138 Herbig, Berliner Sinfonie-Orchester (Berlin Classics, 1978)
139 Jochum, Säschsische Staatskapelle Dresden (Weitblick, 1979)
140 Mehta, New York Philharmonic Orchestra (Sony, 1979)
141 Kleiber, Wiener Philharmoniker (DG, 1980)
142 Kondrashin, NHK Symphony Orchestra Tokyo (King, 1980)
143 Wakasugi, Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester (Altus, 1980)
144 Suitner, Staatskapelle Berlin (FKM, 1981)
145 Bernstein, Wiener Philharmoniker (DG, 1981)
146 Svetlanov, USSR State Symphony Orchestra (Scribendum, 1981)
147 Duo Crommelynck (Claves, 1982)
148 Lehel, Budapest Symphony Orchestra (Hungaroton, 1982)
149 Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker (Memories, 1983)
150 Wand, Symphonieorchester des Norddeutschen Rundfunks (RCA, 1983)
151 Kubelik, Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks (Orfeo, 1983)
152 Rögner, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin (Weitblick, 1984)
153 Sanderling, Münchner Philharmoniker (Weitblick, 1984)
154 Jansons, Staatskapelle Dresden (Weitblick, 1984)
155 Benzi, Orchestre National Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Classical.com, 1984)
156 Janowski, Liverpool Royal Philharmonic (ASV, 1985)
157 Svetlanov, Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra (Weitblick, 1985)
158 Celibidache, Münchner Philharmoniker (EMI, 1985)
159 Celibidache, Münchner Philharmoniker (Altus, 1986)
160 Suitner, Staatskapelle Berlin (Jasrac, 1986)
161 Dohnányi, Cleveland Orchestra (Teldec, 1987)
162 Bělohlávek, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Supraphon, 1987)
163 Järvi, London Symphony Orchestra (Chandos, 1987)
164 Skrowaczewski, The Hallé Orchestra (IMP, 1987)
165 Previn, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (Telarc, 1987)
166 Muti, Philadelphia Orchestra (Philips, 1988)
167 Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker (DG, 1988)
168 Gendron, Gumma Symphony Orchestra (Camerata, 1988)
169 Halász, Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra (Naxos, 1988)
170 Rahbari, Brussels Philharmonic (Naxos, 1989)
171 Gielen, SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg (Hänssler, 1989)
172 Ozawa, Saito Kinen Orchestra (Decca, 1989)
173 Sawallisch, London Philharmonic Orchestra (EMI, 1989)
174 Haenchen, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra (LaserLight, 1989)
175 Giulini, Wiener Philharmoniker (DG, 5.1989)
176 Giulini, Wiener Philharmoniker (Memories, 15.8.1989)
177 Celibidache, Münchner Philharmoniker (WME, 1989)
178 Chailly, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Decca, 1990)
179 Sanderling, Sveriges Radios Symphoniorkester (Weitblick, 1990)
180 Sanderling, Berliner Simphonie Orchester (Profil, 1990)
181 Wand, NDR Sinfonieorchester (Profil, 1990)
182 Swarowski (Scholz), Süddeutsche Philharmonie Orchestra (Maestro, ~1991)
183 Sawallisch, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Warner, 1991)
184 Masur, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Kultur, 1991)
185 Segerstam, Staaatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz (Bayer, 1991)
186 Mehta, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (Sony, 1992)
187 Ashkenazy, Cleveland Orchestra (Decca, 1992)
188 Haitink, Boston Symphony Orchestra (Philips, 1992)
189 Titov, New Philharmonia Orchestra St. Petersburg (HDC, ~1993)
190 Tabakov, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra (Blaricum, ~1993)
191 Krivine, Bamberger Simphoniker (Denon, 1993)
192 Eschenbach, Houston Symphony Orchestra (Erato, 1993)
193 Rickenbacher, Budapest Symphony Orchestra (Reader’s Digest, 1993)
194 Wand, Deutches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin (Profil, 1994)
195 Sinopoli, Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale Della RAI (RAI, 1994)
196 Kleiber, Berliner Philharmoniker (WLC, 1994)
197 Blomstedt, Bamberger Symphoniker (DG, 1995)
198 Masur, New York Philharmonic (Teldec, 1995)
199 Norrington, London Classical Players (EMI, 1995)
200 Asahina, Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra (Canyon, 1995)
201 Mandeal, Bucharest Philharmonic Orchestra (Arte Nova, 1996)
202 Davis, BBC Symphony Orchestra (BBCMM, 1996)
203 Matthies, Köhn (Naxos, 1996)
204 Levine, Wiener Philharmoniker (DG, 1996)
205 Blomstedt, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig (Decca, 1996)
206 Prisner, Philharmonia Polonica (Azurra, ~1997)
207 Harnoncourt, Europe Chamber Orchestra (Ica, 1997)
208 Harnoncourt, Berliner Philharmoniker (Teldec, 1997)
209 Kleiber, Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra (Link, 1997)
210 Wand, NDR Simphonie-Orchester (RCA, 1997)
211 Mackerras, Scottish Chamber Orchestra (Telarc, 1997)
212 Biret (Idil Biret Archive, 1997)
213 Klavierduo Hans-Peter und Volker Stenzl (Ars Musici, 1998)
214 Klavierduo Hans-Peter und Volker Stenzl (Ars Musici, 1998) Auf historischen Instrumenten
215 Marriner, Academy of St. Martin in the Fields (Hänssler, 1998)
216 Inbal, Radio-Sinfonie-Orchester Frankfurt (Denon, 1998)
217 Jansons, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra (Simax, 1999)
218 Kobayashi, Japan Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, ~2000)
219 Harding, Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen (Virgin, 2000)
220 Matthies, Köhn (Naxos, 2000)
221 Berglund, Chamber Orchestra of Europe (Ondine, 2000)
222 Saccani, Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO, ~2001)
223 Afanassiev, New Japan Philharmonic (Exton, 2001)
224 Albrecht, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra Tokyo (Exton, 2001)
225 Temirkanov, Orchestra del Teatro la Fenice di Venezia (RAI Digital Archives, 2002)
226 Fischer-Dieskau, Berlin Concert House Orchestra (Orfeo, 2002)
227 Zweden, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra (Brilliant, 2002)
228 Bernard, Janacek Philharmonic Orchestra (Forlane, 2003)
229 Iwaki, Orchestra Ensemble Kanazawa (Warner, 2003)
230 Bychkov, WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln (Avie, 2003)
231 Haitink, London Symphony Orchestra (LSO, 2004)
232 Alsop, London Philharmonic Orchestra (Naxos, 2005)
233 Norrington, Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR (SWR, 2005)
234 Mácal, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, 2005)
235 Eschenbach, Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival Orchestra (Hänssler, 2005)
236 Arwel Hughes, Stuttgart Philharmonic Orchestra (Quartz, 2005)
237 Sieghart, Arnhem Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, 2006)
238 Nagano, Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin (HM, 2006)
239 Blomstedt, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (RCO, 2007)
240 Kuhn, Orchestra Haydn di Bolzano e Trento (Col Legno, 2007)
241 Janowski, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (Pentatone, 2007)
242 Chailly, Gewandhausorchester (Decca, 2007)
243 Dohnányi, Philharmonia Orchestra (Signum, 2007)
244 Fedoseyev, Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra (Lontano, 2007)
245 Rattle, Berliner Philharmoniker (EuroArts, 2007)
246 Gardiner, Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique (Soli Deo, 2008)
247 Kobayashi, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, 2008)
248 Eshkenazy, Classic FM Orchestra (Cantus Firmus, ~2009)
249 Manze, Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra (CPO, 2009)
250 Skrowaczewski, Saarbrucken Radio Symphony Orchester (Oehms, 2009)
251 Schwarz, Seattle Symphony Orchestra (Naxos, 2009)
252 Gilbert, New York Philharmonic Orchestra (NYP, 2009)
253 Young, Philharmoniker Hamburg (Oehms, 2009)
254 Fossi, Guaggini (Universal, 2009)
255 Skrowaczewski, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra (Denon, 2009)
256 Zinman, Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich (Sony, 2010)
257 Prêtre, Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (Tobu, 2010)
258 Chung, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra (Exton, 2011)
259 Raiskin, Rhenish State Philharmonic Orchestra (Two Pianists, 2011)
260 Dudamel, Los Angeles Philharmonic (DG, 2011)
261 Luisi, Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (Amadeus, 2011)
262 Jurowski, London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO, 2011)
263 Gergiev, London Symphony Orchestra (LSO, 2012)
264 Jansons, Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks (BR, 2012)
265 Järvi, Estonian Symphony National Orchestra (ERP, 2012)
266 Nanut, Kioi Sinfonietta Tokyo (Exton, 2013)
267 Fischer, Budapest Festival Orchestra (Channel, 2013)
268 Thielemann, Staatskapelle Dresden (DG, 2013)
269 Grimal, Les Dissonances (Dissonances, 2013)
270 Axelrod, Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi (Teldec, 2013)
271 Chailly, Gewandhausorchester (Decca, 2013)
272 Tognetti, Australian Chamber Orchestra (ABC, 2013)
273 Iimori, Japan Century Symphony Orchestra (Exton, 2014)
274 Fisch, West Australian Symphony Orchestra (ABC, 2015)
275 Orozco-Estrada, Tonkünstler-Orchester (Oehms, 2015)
276 Zukerman, Canada's National Arts Centre Orchestra (Analekta, 2015)
277 Herreweghe, Orchestre des Champs-Elysées (Phi, 2015)
278 China Philharmonic Orchestra (HDHall, 2015)
279 Griffiths, Brandenburgisches Staatsorchester Frankfurt (Rondeau, 2015)
280 Eliska, Sapporo Symphony Orchestra (Altus, 2015)
281 Nelsons, Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO, 2016)
282 Hengelbrock, NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra (Sony, 2016)
283 Sondergard, BBC National Orchestra of Wales (BBCMM, 2016)
284 Segerstam, Turku Philharmonic Orchestra (Alba, 2016)
285 Slatkin, Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO, 2016)
286 Kobayashi, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra (Exton, 2016)
287 Alfeyev, Moscow State Academic Symphony Orchestra (Melodiya, 2016)
288 Ticciati, Scottish Chamber Orchestra (Linn, 2017)
289 Rattle, Berliner Philharmoniker (BP, 2017)
290 Saraste, WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln (Hänssler, 2017)
291 Barenboim, Staatskapelle Berlin (DG, 2017)
292 Berkes, Győr Philharmonic Orchestra (Naxos, 2017)
293 Venzago, Tapiola Sinfonietta (Sony, 2017)
294 Hrusa, Bamberg Symphony Orchestra (Tudor, 2017)
295 Järvi, Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen (RCA, 2018)
296 Zehetmair, Musikkollegium Winterthur (Claves, 2018)
297 Jordan, Wiener Symphoniker (WS, 2018)
298 Dausgaard, Swedish Chamber Orchestra (BIS, 2018)
299 Honeck, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (Reference, 2018)
300 Akiyama, Chubu Philharmonic Orchestra (CPO, 2018)
301 Jansons, Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks (BR-Klassik, 2019)
302 Eschenbach, Konzerthausorchester Berlin (Berlin, 2020)
303 Piano Duo Soós-Haag (Telos, 2020)
304 Carannante, Orchestra Filarmonica Mihail Jora di Bacau (Diapason, ~2021)
305 Young, Orchestre de Paris (Alpha, ~2021)
306 Milton, Göttinger Symphonie Orchester (Prospero, 2021)
307 Blomstedt, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig (Pentatone, 2021)
308 Fischer, Danish Chamber Orchestra (Naxos, 2021)
309 Sanderling, Luzerner Sinfonieorchester (Warner, 2021)